ford hybrid cars

Ford hybrid cars

ford hybrid cars, launched in 2004, is a gas-electric hybrid powered version of the Ford Escape SUV developed by the Ford Motor Company. Built in Kansas City, Missouri, it was the first hybrid SUV to hit the market. A similar vehicle, the Mercury Mariner Hybrid is sold by Ford's Mercury marque. A third variation, the Mazda Tribute Hybrid, is expected to arrive in the fall of 2007 as a 2008 Model Year vehicle with a limited production run for the California market.[1]

Hybrid versions can be identified by the "Hybrid" badges on the front driver's and passenger's doors as well as on the tailgate. In addition, the driver's side window in the cargo area is smaller in size in order to accommodate a ventilation slot for the high voltage battery. There was also a "Special Appearance Package" available as an option on the 2004-2007 Hybrid models. This package replaced the traditional lower cladding of the Escape with a silver finish (see picture).

The Escape hybrid is a "full" hybrid electric system, meaning the system can switch automatically between pure electric power, pure gasoline engine power, or a combination of electric battery and gasoline engine operating together, for maximum performance and efficiency at all speeds and loads. When braking or decelerating, the Escape's hybrid system uses regenerative braking, where the electric drive motor becomes a generator, converting the vehicle's momentum back to electricity for storage in the batteries. With 155 horsepower (116 kW), the Hybrid Escape has nearly the same acceleration performance as the conventional 200 hp (150 kW) V6 Escape.

Ford built 17,000 Escape Hybrids in the second half of 2004, four times as many as it had originally planned, and sales figures have remained steady:[2]
Model 2005 sales 2006 sales 2007 sales
Ford Escape Hybrid (FEH) 18,797 19,228 21,386
Mercury Mariner Hybrid (MMH) 998 3,375 3,722

Purchasers of 2008 Ford Escape and Mercury Mariner hybrids qualify for US income tax credits between $2,200-3,000.

Toyota, launched two hybrid SUVs in 2005, a version of their Highlander, and a Lexus-badged RX 400h, both of which outsold the Escape hybrid in 2006, their first full year of sales.[5] A number of Mazda Tribute Hybrids have also been produced.

Ford announced the development of a prototype Hybrid Escape E85, the first hybrid vehicle capable of running on 85% ethanol flexible fuel, although they have not announced any production plans.[6]
Contents
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* 1 Development
* 2 Performance
* 3 Emissions
* 4 Plug-in hybrids
o 4.1 Technology
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

Development

The Escape Hybrid uses technology similar to that used in Toyota's Prius. Ford engineers realized their technology may conflict with patents held by Toyota, which led to a 2004 patent-sharing accord between the companies, licensing Ford's use of some of Toyota's hybrid technology in exchange for Toyota's use of some of Ford's diesel and direct-injection engine technology.[7] Both Ford and Toyota state that Ford received no technical assistance from Toyota in developing the hybrid powertrain.[citation needed] Aisin Seiki Co. Ltd., a Japanese automotive components supplier belonging to the Toyota Group, supplies the hybrid transmission for the Escape Hybrid. While Toyota produces its third-generation Prius transmission in-house, Aisin is the only supplier of hybrid transmissions to other manufacturers. Friction has arisen concerning Aisin's allocation of limited production capacity and engineering resources to Ford.[7]

Sanyo Electric Co., which first produced hybrid car batteries in a joint venture with Honda,[8] built the 50 kg (110 lb),330V[9] 5.5 Ah (would make it 1.8kWh storage) , 250-cell nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery pack for the 2005 Escape Hybrid.[10]

Performance

The Escape Hybrid's 133 horsepower (99 kW) gasoline engine and 94 hp (70 kW) electric motor combine to give performance similar to the 200 hp (150 kW) V6 engine commonly used in the regular Escape. The hybrid is said to give approximately 75% greater efficiency, with about 33 to 36 mpg (U.S.) (6.5-7.1 L/100 km) in city traffic, (and has demonstrated it can travel 400–500 miles (644-805 km) on a single 16.5 gallon (62.4 L) tank of gasoline in city driving), and 29 to 31 mpg (U.S.) (7.6L-8.1 L/100 km) on the highway. Unlike conventional vehicles, hybrids often achieve better figures in the city because they do not waste power idling and can recover some power when stopping (by using regenerative braking) that would be wasted on a conventional vehicle.

The Escape Hybrid can accelerate up to approximately 39 miles per hour (63 km/h) on electric,[citation needed] with a gentle acceleration. A maximum distance of 1.5 miles (2.4 km) - 1.8 miles (2.9 km) can be performed on electric before the batteries will discharge and the gasoline will restart.[citation needed] When coasting, if the brake is gently tapped when passing below 40 mph (64 km/h), the gasoline engine will cut off, and the coast will continue with no gasoline being consumed.[citation needed] Electric mode does not perform as well when below 50 degrees F (10 °C), and performance degrades further as outside temperature drops further.[citation needed]

The Escape Hybrid gives a top speed of 102 mph (163 km/h).[11]

Emissions

The Escape Hybrid meets both California's SULEV and PZEV standards, with tailpipe emissions better than 90% less than the average 2003 new car and zero evaporative emissions.[citation needed]

Plug-in hybrids

Three companies have converted Ford Escape Hybrids to Plug-in under a contract with the NYSERDA and delivered them in 2007:[12]

* Electrovaya of Toronto Canada
* HyMotion also of Toronto Canada
* Hybrids Plus of Boulder Colorado USA

Ford has converted a Ford Escape Hybrids to Plug-in and delivered it to Southern California Edison (SCE) in December 2007 to examine the future of plug-in hybrids in terms of how home and vehicle energy systems will work with the electrical grid.[13] Under the multi-million-dollar, multi-year project, Ford will convert a demonstration fleet of Ford Escape Hybrids into plug-in hybrids, and SCE will evaluate how the vehicles might interact with the home and the utility's electrical grid. Some of the vehicles will be evaluated "in typical customer settings," according to Ford.

Technology
Hybrids Plus PHEV battery
Hybrids Plus PHEV battery

The Ford and Hybrids Plus conversions are similar: conversion involves the replacement of the original NiMH battery (on the floor of the trunk) with a larger capacity LiIon battery, in the same location and substantially the same volume as the original battery.

On the other side, the Electrovaya and HiMotion conversions retain the original battery, and augment it with a LiIon battery that occupies a significant portion of the trunk.

In all cases, the conversion also involves the addition of a charger and of a power plug.